Mechanical Engineer Job At Metal Craft Fabrications Nigeria Limited

Mechanical Engineer Job At Metal Craft Fabrications Nigeria Limited

Metal Craft Fabrications Nigeria Limited, a metal fabrication company specialized in manufacturing elevators, is recruiting qualified candidates to join our design department in the capacity below:

Job Position: Mechanical Engineer

Job Location: Idu Industrial Area, Abuja (FCT)
Employment Type: Full-time

Requirements

Candidates should possess a B.Sc Degree with 2 – 10 years of relevant work experience.
Excellent experience in AutoCAD.
Very good experience in Microsoft office.
Experience in Solidworks is a plus

Application Deadline

1st January 2023

Method of Application
Interested and qualified candidates should send their CV to: [email protected] using the Job position as the subject of the email.

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CNOOC paga a Petrobras mil 900 mdd por producción compartida en campo de Buzios – Oil & Gas Magazine

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Petrobras mantendrá una participación del 85% en el campo de aguas profundas.

La estatal brasileña Petrobras dijo el jueves que recibió 10 mil 300 millones de reales (mil 900 millones de dólares) de la principal empresa china de crudo y gas, CNOOC, en pago por una participación del 5% en un acuerdo de producción compartida en el campo de Buzios.

Con esta transacción, Petrobras dijo que tendrá una participación de 85%, mientras que la unidad brasileña de CNOOC, CBPL, tendrá un 10% y CNODC Brasil Petroleo e Gas (CNODC) contará con un 5%.

Petrobras tendrá una participación de 88.99% en el depósito compartido de Buzios, mientras que CBPL obtendrá un 7.34% y CNODC un 3.67%, informó un comunicado enviado al regulador.

(Reporte de Carolina Pulice. Editado por Sarah Morland y Marion Giraldo)

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Solids Control Equipment In Oil & Gas

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The importance of solid control equipment is its ability to save costs of dumping drilling fluids due to the existence of unwanted solids inside. As we are drilling the well, the cuttings will appear in the mud, and further treatment is necessary.

Solid Control Equipment Cut Points

Shale Shakers

The design of shaker screens allows them to remove the particles which will not pass through the mesh. At the same time, the vibration of the screen will control blinding or plugging, which would lower its efficiency. The mesh size on most shale shakers is 10 – 14 API mesh. (A 10 mesh screen has ten openings per inch along each side). Many cuttings will pass through the ten mesh screens since they have disintegrated due to erosion and hydration. For this reason, we may use a finer mesh (80 openings per inch). In addition, we may arrange the screens in series so that a finer mesh is beneath the coarser mesh.

Sometimes, we arrange the screens in parallel to control larger volumes of solids, with a slight overlap to ensure in the equipment, no cuttings bypass the screening. We must remember that using a finer screen minimizes the screen’s flow area. While drilling a surface hole, we will have to screen a large volume of cutting, so there may be a physical limitation on the mesh size (unless increasing the screen area).

Model 48 - Solid Control Equipment -Shale Shaker — Model Derrick-48

Hydrocyclone Equipment For Solid removal

The primary application of hydrocyclones is to remove all the sand particles and most of the silt particles from the mud while retaining the colloidal fraction. Hydrocyclone is a general term that includes desanders & desilters – desanders (6″ diameter or greater), desilters (generally 4″ diameter)- and clay ejectors (2″ diameter). The operating principle of the hydrocyclone is the same irrespective of size (Figure 18). A centrifugal pump feeds mud tangentially at high speed into the housing, thus creating high centrifugal forces. These forces, which multiply the settling rate, will throw the heavy particles against the outer wall and descend them toward the outlet (underflow). The lighter particles move inwards and upwards as a spiraling vortex to the liquid discharge (overflow).

The design of hydrocyclones allows passing only solids (plus a small volume of fluid) out of the underflow. This process should appear as a “spray discharge” and not a “rope discharge”. Rope discharge indicates solids overloading, and the underflow will soon plug off completely.

Operations

Figure 18 shows the regular operation of hydrocyclone equipment for solid control. The hydrocyclone cut point is the particle size at which 50% of the particles of that size will be discarded (Figure 20). A typical cut point for a desilter is 20 microns, and a desander is 40 microns. Since barite particle size lies between 2 and 80 microns, we can’t run hydrocyclones with weighted muds since it would remove about half the barite through the underflow.

Notice that for a clay ejector (Figure 19), the outlets are reversed (i.e., the underflow containing valuable barite is returned to the active system while the overflow containing finer material is discarded). We install such devices for barite salvage for weighted muds. Notice that the separation mechanism will be due to particles (with different densities) settling action.

Decanting Centrifuge Equipment For Solid Control

The introduction of the first oilfield Centrifuges was to control solids and retain the barite in weighted water-based muds. However, we may also use them in unweighted muds and oil-based muds to process the hydrocyclone underflow and return the liquid colloidal fraction to the active system. Figure 21 shows a decanting centrifuge. It consists of a rotating cone-shaped bowl and a screw conveyor. The high-speed rotation of the centrifuge will throw the heavier particles against the bowl side. The screw conveyor moves these particles along the bowl and carries them toward the discharge port. At the opposite end is another port where it discharges the liquid containing the finer particles. For weighted mud, the underflow from the shale shaker will move to the centrifuge (no hydrocyclones used). The solids discharged through the underflow contain valuable barite that will return to the active system.

Centrifuge components in solid control equipment

For barite salvage, centrifuge equipment is more efficient than hydrocyclones in solid control since they make a finer particle cut. Under proper operating conditions, we can salvage 90 – 95% of barite. When drilling hydratable shales, we must control the finer drill solids. The finer solids in the liquid phase are typically discarded, although this will also contain chemicals and barite. For unweighted mud, the underflow from the desilters will move to the centrifuge. This time the liquid phase, including the fine material (including bentonite), will return to the mud, while there will be a discard for the solids. We often use this technique in oil-based as the base oil is costly to replace. Water-wet solids in an oil-based mud can be challenging to control, but a centrifuge can separate them from the liquid-colloidal phase. Also, we will have to dump the solids because we can’t reuse them.

Mud Cleaner

A benefit of mud cleaner equipment is to control drill solids larger than barite. It consists of a desilter and a screen and removes solids in two stages. We use it for weighted mud to remove solids while retaining barite. First, the drilling fluids pass through the shale shaker, which should be as fine as possible and still accommodate the full mud flow. Then, the underflow will pass through a bank of desilters, where the overflow (lighter material) will return to the active system. After that, the underflow will move onto the screen (usually 150 – 200 mesh). The barite particles will pass through and return to the system (together with very fine solids). The solids, which the screens will separate, will be discarded.

Most drilling mud companies have developed Mud cleaners under the names “silt separator” or “sand separator”. We can use them with decanting centrifuges to process both weighted and unweighted mud as oil-based mud. They are best suited for drilling fluids less than 15 ppg. (For heavier drilling fluids, a centrifuge is better.)

5.2 Solids Control Systems

The configuration of the above components will be in such a way as to remove the unwanted solids as efficiently as possible while ensuring that there will be no removal for the mud chemical (OBM additives – WBM chemicals) & solids (Bentonite & Barite).

Unweighted Muds

When configuring a system for an unweighted mud (Figure 22), the arrangement of various solids control components in decreasing order of removed particle size is essential to prevent clogging. Dilution is also vital for upstream of hydrocyclones to increase their separation efficiency. If passed through the solids control equipment, the mud should consist of water, well-dispersed bentonite, and very fine drill solids. It can then be diluted, treated with chemicals, and conditioned before re-circulating.

Solid Control Equipment Line Up — Solid Control Equipment for an Un-weighted Mud

Weighted Muds

Hydrocyclones cannot be used alone for weighted mud (Figure 23) since they will discard barite. We may use mud cleaner, however, to overcome this problem. As with unweighted mud, water is necessary for diluting upstream of the mud cleaner and the centrifuge. Notice that the low-density solids in the liquid phase are discarded from the centrifuge while retaining the solids (barite). We must also replace the chemicals and bentonite dumped with the liquid phase. The optimum solids content in a weighted mud is difficult to determine.

Solids Control Equipment System for a Weighted Mud — Solids Control System for a Weighted Mud

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TotalEnergies about to submit its application to drill for gas along south coast

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French energy giant TotalEnergies is preparing to submit its final application for approval to drill up to five wells for oil or gas between Cape Town and Cape Agulhas. The project has met opposition from environmental groups but the company says it is part of South Africa’s transition from coal.

The scoping and environmental impact process started in May this year. If the project is approved, the drill area will span about 10 000 square kilometres, with the closest point 60km from the coast and the furthest 170km.

This application is one in a rush of offshore oil and gas applications along South Africa’s coast. This is part of a wider expansion by multinational companies into Africa, as a recent report by environmental research group Urgewald, in partnership with dozens of organisations in Africa and Europe, shows.

TotalEnergies is the biggest oil and gas developer in Africa. In this project, it holds a 40% interest in the block, and is the operator. Shell has a 40% interest and the State-owned Petroleum Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (PetroSA) has 20%.

A public participation process concluded last week after meetings in coastal communities, including Saldanha Bay, Hout Bay, Kleinmond and Hermanus. This formed part of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). Independent assessors from SRL Consulting evaluated marine ecology impact, noise impact, socioeconomic impact, fisheries impact, climate impact, and air quality impact.

The public will be able to submit public comments until 7 December 2022. All the ESIA documents can be accessed here.

The Urgewald report points out that in 2021, the International Energy Agency (IEA) issued a roadmap, based on the Paris climate agreement of 2015, for preventing global temperatures from rising above 1.5°C. “According to this roadmap, exploration for new oil and gas reserves should cease and no further oil and gas fields should be developed beyond those that were already under way in 2021.”

Yet, the report points out, “in 48 out of 55 African nations, oil, gas and coal companies are either exploring or developing new fossil reserves, building new fossil infrastructure such as pipelines or liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals or developing new gas- and coal-fired power plants”.

“These enormous fossil expansion plans are completely incompatible with the Paris goals and will lock African countries into an obsolete and carbon-heavy energy path,” says the Urgewald report.

But in a summary of its impact assessment report, SRL says the need to reduce carbon emissions to zero by 2050 “is balanced with the need to grow the economy and create jobs”.

The government “currently promotes the use of natural gas as part of the energy mix up to 2030 to serve as a transition to a carbon-neutral goal and provide the flexibility required to complement renewable energy sources,” says SRL.

Oil and gas exploration forms part of the South African government’s priorities as part of the Operation Phakisa’s Oceans Economy programme in order to reduce “dependence on expensive oil and gas imports”. But some environmental organisations and members of the public are saying oil and gas should not be in South Africa’s future at all and that it doesn’t have a place in the country’s commitment to a “just transition” to zero carbon emissions by 2050.

Natural gas is neither “sustainable” nor “clean”, says Janet Solomon, co-founder of environmental coalition Oceans Not Oil. In its objections to the TotalEnergies project, Oceans Not Oil says the idea that natural gas produces less carbon emissions than coal is misleading, because of methane leakage which is common during oil and gas operations.

Also, says Solomon, renewables are a faster way to meet the country’s energy needs.

Solomon said that the ESIA also didn’t consider the fishing communities and the impact the exploration project would have on their heritage. “We’ve got a large informal economy that is totally reliant on a healthy ocean, from tourism to fisheries,” she said. “The ocean is sacred to a lot of cultures in South Africa.”

Not many fishers attended the public meeting held in Hout Bay earlier this month to discuss the project. This was because they didn’t know it was taking place, says fisher Reagan James, Chief of the Katz Korana Royal House, who lives in Hout Bay and did attend the meeting.

“We make our livelihoods out of the sea. … Oil and gas is not going to benefit our community,” he said.

Greenpeace Africa spokesperson Chris Vlavianos told GroundUp the TotalEnergies project would be close to several Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). “These are lifelines for local communities”, he said, and nurseries for fish species.

Vlavianos says it is “nonsensical” to pursue oil and gas in the context of the “just transition”. “It will achieve nothing but locking us into a high emissions trajectory, with little real economic benefits to people on the ground. Often, the jobs and economic upliftment promised by these projects do not materialise.”

The summary of the environmental assessment does show that the exploration project overlaps with areas where four species are fished, but suggests that with communication and coordination with fishers, its impact can be mitigated. The report notes that many people are “directly reliant on the ocean and coast for their livelihood, and social and spiritual well-being”.

Els Vermeulen, director of the Mammal Research Institute Whale Unit at the University of Pretoria, who attended the meeting in Hermanus, said she had no major concerns about the impact of the project on whales and mammals. She said that the impact assessment had been well done, that the exploration would be short term and not during the whale migration season.

TotalEnergies spokesperson Stéphanie Dezaunay, said: “In South Africa, TotalEnergies is positioning itself as a player in the evolution of the country’s energy mix as part of the necessary transition from coal to renewable energies and gas.

“South Africa’s economy is still predominantly coal-based, accounting for 80% of its current electricity generation. Access to energy, and in particular meeting the growing demand for electricity, is a major concern in South Africa, where load shedding and power cuts have been almost a daily occurrence for nearly 15 years and where air pollution from fine particles linked to coal burning is frequent,” Dezaunay said.

She said the use of gas instead of coal would halve carbon emissions and “drastically reduce air pollution”. TotalEnergies was also working on solar and wind energy, she said.

Asked how much of the output from the project would be used in the domestic market and how much would be exported, she did not reply by the time of publication.

The Department of Mineral Resources and Energy did not respond to GroundUp’s questions.

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