The Hunt For Veerappan: True Story Behind Docuseries on India’s Most Wanted Man

The newest addition to Netflix’s true-crime docuseries is debutant director Selvamani Selvaraj’s The Hunt For Veerappan. The four-part series sheds light on the life and death of forest brigand Veerappan, who was shot dead by the Tamil Nadu Special Task Force (STF) in 2004 in one of India’s most expensive manhunts till date.

The documentary walks us through the notorious crimes committed by Veerappan, a former poacher who soon became the country’s most wanted man.

But who was Veerappan really? And what was his story? We explain.

Who Was Veerappan?

Veerappan, whose real name was Koose Muniswamy Veerappan, was born into a Tamilian family of cattle grazers in Karnataka’s Gopinatham village in January 1952. He spent his early years assisting his uncle Saalvai Gounder in smuggling and poaching in the forests of the southern states. He was also an admirer of the notorious bandit Malayur Mammattiyan.

As per reports, Veerappan poached his first elephant at the age of 14 and committed his first murder when he was only 17.

Veerappan was one of India’s most wanted criminals.

Veeerappan entered the realm of crime at the age of 18, when he joined a group of poachers and soon became their leader, expanding their operations to include smuggling, murder, and abduction.

According to reports, the poacher-turned-criminal had been implicated in the deaths of over 120 people, poaching of over 2,000 elephants, and smuggling of sandalwood and ivory valued at millions of dollars.

Most of Veerappan’s victims were police officers, forest officials and others who supported them. In 1986, Veerappan was apprehended and taken into custody, but he fled soon after.

According to a report by The Times of India, Veerappan abducted and lynched a forest officer from Sathyamangalam in 1987. The 1991 assassination of senior IFS official Pandillapalli Srinivas drew further attention to him.

In 1990, at the age of 39, he got married to Muthulakshmi, who was around 14 years at that time. They have two daughters: Vidya Rani (born in 1990) and Prabha (born in 1993).

From Poacher to India’s Most-Wanted Criminal

Veerappan, also referred to as ‘The Robinhood of India’, became well-known for taking the states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka hostage at ransom.

According to reports, the bandit’s involvement with sandalwood smuggling came to light between July and December 1989, when he orchestrated huge felling in and around the Makkampalyam, Kottamadain, and Argiyam sections of the Satyamangala forests division in Tamil Nadu.

Veerappan was reportedly smuggling at least Rs 50 lakh worth of sandalwood annually.

A still from The Hunt From Veerappan.

In February 1990, a joint operation was launched by the Karnataka and Tamil Nadu forest and police departments, where reportedly 65 tonnes of sandalwood were confiscated from the Silvikkal forest (the highest to date).

In order to catch Veerappan, the Karnataka and Tamil Nadu governments formed a Special Task Force (STF) in 1992.

The STF was headed by Superintendent of Police Sanjay Arora in Tamil Nadu and Director General and Inspector General Shankar Bidri, with Walter Devaram serving as joint chief. During the operation, Veerappan’s right-hand man, Gurunathan alias Gurunathachari, was killed by the Karnataka task force, and SI Shakeel Ahmed was solely in charge of capturing him, according to reports.

Gurunathan was second in command on Veerappan’s team. He was a skilled marksman and handled the purchasing and selling of elephants, the acquisition of weapons, and the provision of food for the team.

Three months later, Veerappan and his gang launched an attack on the Rampura police station in Kollegal, killing seven police officers and stealing several arms and ammunition in the process.

Soon after, the STF intensified their searches in and around Veerappan’s birthplace, Gopinatham village. During the operation under the charge of Sanjay Arora and Shankar Bidari, Veerappan’s gang was reduced to only five members.

A Rs 5 crore bounty was also announced on Veerappan. His wife Muthulakshmi was also detained by the STF in 1993 under accusations of aiding her husband. However, she was later acquitted of all charges.

Veerappan’s wife Muthulakshmi.

In April 1993, Veerappan’s single largest mass killing took place at the landmines of Palar, near Malai Mahadeswara Hills (present-day Chamarajanagar District, Karnataka), leaving 22 police officers and forestry officials dead.

As per reports, banned organisations like the Tamil National Retrieval Troops (TNRT) and Liberation Army helped Veerappan secure a Robin Hood image and negotiate with prominent people. Kolathur Mani, president of Dravidar Viduthalai Kazhagam, was reportedly arrested as an accomplice but later acquitted due to a lack of evidence.

For several years during the 1990s, the brigand held many police officials, film celebrities and other known personalities captive in exchange for ransom money. It included the infamous abduction of popular Kannada actor Rajkumar and H Nagappa, former minister of Karnataka.

Operation Cocoon & Veerappan’s Death

Operation Cocoon was initiated by the Special Task Force of the Tamil Nadu Police, aimed to end Veerappan’s terror reign in the Sathyamangalam Forest, which spread across Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala. The operation was led by K Vijay Kumar and NK Senthamarai, who infiltrated and apprehended Veerappan.

As per reports, Operation Cocoon was successful due to the assistance received from tribal people who helped the officers infiltrate the enemy camp.

On 18 October 2004, Veerappan and three of his aids, namely Sethukuli Govinda, Chandre Gowda, and Sethumani, were killed by the Tamil Nadu Special Task Force, resulting in injuries to four policemen, as per reports.

Operation Cocoon was successfully carried out in October 2004.

The operation took an extensive 10 months of planning and 3 weeks of execution, culminating in a 45-minute final attack.

Over the course of time, Veerappan’s troop had been reduced to only four men. The operation was carried out when Veerappan was planning to leave the forest in order to get medical treatment for his eyes (reportedly for cataracts) in South Arcot, Tamil Nadu.

Following the operation’s success, several raised their doubts about the identity of the person killed by the police. However, police soon confirmed that the man was Veerappan through his fingerprints and validation from family and relatives.

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‘The Hunt For Veerappan’ director Selvamani Selvaraj on why the story of the manhunt has to be told now

Selvamani Selvaraj; a still from ‘The Hunt For Veerappan’
| Photo Credit: Special Arrangement

Years ago, a student journalist met a man from Tharkadu, Kolathur, who spoke about the time he came across the infamous forest brigand Veerappan incarnate; when asked to tell his tale, he would go on to speak about what Veerappan means to the local villagers but wondered if the world still finds the late brigand, killed in 2004, intriguing enough to write about. So when Netflix announced the docu-series The Hunt For Veerappan, the obvious question was: what makes the story of Veerappan relevant to today’s world? “This docu-series is an exploration to know if the socio-political situation of a society can create an entity like Veerappan and if he was indeed that entity. Understanding this is important even now,” says Selvamani Selvaraj, the director of the Netflix series, adding that he wanted the world to know everything that happened during and because of Veerappan’s manhunt.

It seems like Selvamani has been mulling over Veerappan for quite some time, much before he landed this project at Netflix. But how did this newcomer, who is yet to make a popular mainstream title, get to helm such a mammoth project? “After working as an Assistant Director to Ang Lee in Life of Pi, I made my film Nila, which was revered in the festival circuit. Things changed for me when Netflix bought our small-budget film, and it was one of the first three Tamil films that streamed on Netflix. And circa 2019, when Netflix asked me for a story, I pitched the idea of doing a fictional series on Veerappan,” says Selvamani. The streamer suggested making it as a documentary and having already been doing some research into the story, Selvamani realised that non-fiction better suited the subject. “I met many sources for the story and I realised that our job is only to let them tell their story.”

Selvamani Selvaraj

Selvamani Selvaraj
| Photo Credit:
Special Arrangement

Selvamani and his team then spent four years making this docu-series — two for research, and a year each for shooting and post-production. The story of Veerappan is quite extensive and even cumbersome considering the multiple perspectives, and Selvamani was keen on knowing it all. “I read the books, but most importantly, I met everyone I can to know more. If I wanted to know about a police station that was attacked, I prefer going to that location and getting things done there. Such a story has not happened in the history of the world and it cannot happen again as well; it’s so vast and felt like reading an epic.” That there were many questions still left unanswered, despite all the available material, was what motivated Selvamani further; the series, he says, attempts to find those answers.

Making it a four-part series was always the idea but condensing and structuring a story that spanned over decades should have been a little tricky. Selvamani had a solution. “We wanted to explore who’s Veerappan, why he came to be, why it was difficult to capture him, and why it took so long. For this, we divided the manhunt into four thematic parts: first is how he lived as the King of the Forest, then how the clash with the police happened, third is how it all turned political, and finally his desperation to escape the clutches of the forces.”

Muthulakshmi in ‘The Hunt For Veerappan’

Muthulakshmi in ‘The Hunt For Veerappan’
| Photo Credit:
Courtesy Of Netflix

The series aims to strike a balance in telling this slippery slope of a narrative with polarising opinions — some parties speak of the crimes he committed while some justify his actions as extreme reactions to the injustice by the police; this ensures we get to see the events from multiple perspectives. Participants include Veerappan’s widow Muthulakshmi, members of Veerappan’s gang and the Tamil Nadu Liberation Army, the locals in the villages, media personnel including an investigative journalist and a photojournalist, the members of the Special Task Force, and so on. To persuade these sources to talk, Selvamani and his team had to gain their trust. “We had to explain the importance of why we need to tell this story now and that we had no agenda in doing this but a desire to find the truth. Every one of them understood that and we didn’t have to persuade them much beyond this.”

The nature of the events that transpired was such that many of the incidents discussed could still send stir up controversies and Selvamani says he was conscious not to let anything be misinterpreted. From Muthulakshmi narrating the abuse and torture she endured to the police allegedly burning down houses of innocents at Nallur and the alleged custodial torture by a special force headed by former DGP and Police Commissioner Shankar M Bidari, The Hunt For Veerappan leaves no stones unturned. The infamous 1992 Vachathi case, however, doesn’t feature in the series and Selvamani says they avoided it as “it wasn’t directly connected to the manhunt per se — that case had many other angles to it.” The filmmaker, however, cites S Baslamurugan’s novel ‘Solakar Thotti’, which spoke about the Vachathi case, as a major influence on his work in the series.

The Hunt For Veerappan features some remastered pictures of Veerappan in pristine quality and such archives were like treasures to the team, says Selvamani. “I have to thank late photojournalist Netra Raju for many shots you see in the series.” Another striking aspect is the intro song, through which Selvamani and music composer Jhanu Chanthar wanted to capture the spirit of what Veerappan was to them when they grew up. “We thought of how it’d be if the forest spoke to Veerappan because the forest doesn’t care whether you’re a cop or a brigand.”

Anburaj, a member of Veerappan gang, in a still from ‘The Hunt For Veerappan’

Anburaj, a member of Veerappan gang, in a still from ‘The Hunt For Veerappan’
| Photo Credit:
Courtesy Of Netflix

Interestingly, the series speaks about this mystic relationship that Veerappan shared with the jungle. “He used to talk about a Vanadevathai (a forest angel) and a spiritual connection with the forest. I can never understand that because he was someone who could sense things from the way the birds fly above or the way the animals made noises; Veerappan and his gang would be aware of everyone in their eight-kilometre radius.” Selvamani recollects a gang member telling him how society lost the knowledge of the forest from a man who spent 10,000 nights there.

Now that he has spent four years making this series, who does Selvamani wish to make a documentary on next? “I still haven’t thought about that but I will do more non-fiction projects. Up next, I am doing a fictional feature film (Kaantha, starring Dulquer Salmaan and produced by the actor along with Rana Daggubati), which is currently in pre-production, but you can expect Tamil documentaries from me in the future.”

The Hunt For Veerappan releases on Netflix this Friday, August 4

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