Explained: The Tyre Nichols assault case and its aftermath

The story so far: The death of a 29-year-old Black man in Tennessee due to police brutality has sparked outrage and calls for justice across the U.S. after a graphic video depicting the violent incident was released last week. 

Tyre Nichols was returning home from a park— where he had gone to capture the sunset— when he was pulled over by the Memphis police for alleged reckless driving. The 70-minute footage released by authorities showed five Black officers kicking, punching and beating the 29-year-old repeatedly for three minutes even though he appeared to pose no threat. After the footage was made public, protests intensified over the weekend, amid renewed calls for change in police culture.

In 2020, the George Floyd case triggered worldwide protests and led to a massive outcry against racial injustice and the use of excessive police force against minorities. George Flyod died after a white Minneapolis officer knelt on his neck for several minutes as he repeatedly cried out that he wasn’t able to breathe.

Who was Tyre Nichols and what happened?

Tyre Nichols was just minutes from his home in Memphis when he was pulled over by police and beaten. (AP)

Father of a four-year-old, Tyre D. Nichols lived in Sacramento, California, before he moved to Memphis during the COVID-19 pandemic and chose to stay back. Nichols worked at a FedEx facility with his stepfather. His family describes him as a skateboarder who loved photography. “Photography helps me look at the world in a more creative way. It expresses me in ways I cannot write down for people,” Tyre Nichols wrote on his website, which hosts a gallery of what he called his masterpieces.

On January 7, Nichols was minutes away from his home, as he told his mother, when he was pulled over by Memphis police officers. The authorities initially claimed that Nichols ran away following a confrontation with cops and was arrested after a second confrontation. He was taken to the hospital after he “complained of having a shortness of breath”, according to police. Nichols died three days later.

The death of the 29-year-old sparked outrage, with family and friends accusing the police of assaulting Nichols and causing him to suffer a heart attack. “When we got to the hospital, it was devastating. All of that still should not occur because of a traffic stop,” his stepfather told local media.

The police department and the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation ordered separate probes to look into the arrest and use of force. Meanwhile, the U.S. Justice Department also ordered a civil rights investigation into Nichols’ arrest.

Angry protesters pushed Memphis police to release body camera and surveillance footage from the traffic stop to ascertain the sequence of events on that fateful day, but the Memphis Chief of Police said it would be made public only after the investigation wascomplete.

Rodney Wells, stepfather of Tyre Nichols, speaks at a news conference with civil rights Attorney Ben Crump, seen comforting Tyre’s mother RowVaughn Wells. (AP Photo)

Rodney Wells, stepfather of Tyre Nichols, speaks at a news conference with civil rights Attorney Ben Crump, seen comforting Tyre’s mother RowVaughn Wells. (AP Photo)

What action was taken against the policemen?  

Less than two weeks after the incident, five police officers involved in the arrest of Nichols were dismissed after an internal probe found them guilty of excessive use of force and failure to intervene and render aid. The officers — all Black and between the ages of 24 and 32 — were charged with second-degree murder, assault, kidnapping, official misconduct and official oppression. if convicted of second-degree murder, they face up to 60 years in prison.

Addressing media, the District Attorney said that policemen had used pepper spray during the altercation and Nichols had tried to flee on foot. “There was another altercation at a nearby location at which the serious injuries were experienced by Mr. Nichols,” the prosecutor was quoted in a Reuters report.

Memphis Police Chief Cerelyn Davis, meanwhile, termed the guilty officers’ actions “heinous, reckless and inhumane”. In a video statement, she added that more officers were being investigated for violating department policy. She also urged people to protest peacefully when the video was made public. 

A day later, video footage of the arrest was made public.

What does the footage show?

Video clips from police bodycams and a camera mounted on a utility pole showed Memphis police officers brutally hitting Nichols and using pepper spray during a traffic stop.

The footage shows an officer roughly pulling Nichols out of a car. He says he hasn’t done anything, but cops try to pin him to the ground. Nichols flees after an officer fires a taser at him. A chase ensues.

Cops catch him at another intersection where he is kicked and beaten up with a baton. Security camera footage shows three officers surrounding Nichols as he lies on the ground An officer then holds the 29-year-old in a sitting position, while another strikes him on the back repeatedly. The kicking and punching continue and Nichols collapses as a result. None of the officers, however, help him. Nichols is not provided medical attention for over 20 minutes despite the presence of two fire department officers who arrived at the scene with medical equipment. 

Officers are heard making claims throughout the videos but none are supported by the footage. Following the probe, authorities said nothing of note was found in the 29-year-old’s car and that there appeared to be no justification for the traffic stop.

The aftermath 

The chilling footage drew widespread condemnation, with reports of peaceful protests in various cities including Memphis and New York city.

Protesters march in front of police headquarters in Memphis over the death of Tyre Nichols. (AP)

Protesters march in front of police headquarters in Memphis over the death of Tyre Nichols. (AP)

Protests in New York City were largely peaceful despite a few arrests and some minor clashes between police and protesters. U.S. President Joe Biden said he was outraged and deeply pained to see the video of the beating. “It is yet another painful reminder of the profound fear and trauma, the pain, and the exhaustion that Black and Brown Americans experience every single day,” Mr. Biden said. U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris also called for an end to the use of excessive force in America. “We must build trust—not fear—within our communities,” she said.

Meanwhile, a specialised Memphis police unit that included some of the officers involved in the fatal beating — the Street Crimes Operation to Restore Peace in our Neighbourhoods (Scorpion) — has been deactivated. The Scorpion unit was formed in October 2021 to concentrate on crime hotspots.

Nichols’ death raised concerns that the unit strayed from its core mission and used tactics that increased the risk of violence.

Citing a “cloud of dishonour” from the released footage, the police department said it was permanently deactivating the unit after the chief spoke with members of Nichols’ family and community leaders.  “It is in the best interest of all to permanently deactivate the Scorpion unit,” she said.

(With inputs from agencies)



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Police Diversity Won’t Stop Police Brutality

It was not a shocking development that the five Memphis police officers who beat Tyre Nichols to death were also Black. Richard Pryor commented on this phenomenon back in 1971:

“In my neighborhood, cops were dangerous, because we had, like, ‘I Spy’ cops. You know, white cop and Black cop worked together. And the Black cop had to do more shit to keep his job. He had to whoop more [Black people] than the white cop.” Pryor would then act as the Black cop kicking a Black civilian: “I ain’t gonna lose my pension, [n-word].”

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Race is a rigid form of classism, and the police consider themselves a separate class. “We all bleed blue” is a popular slogan, meant to suggest there is no racial prejudice among the ranks. However, that lovely homily serves only to distance police officers from the people they supposedly protect and serve. Once they put on the uniform, they are no longer “one of them.”


Just months prior to George Floyd’s murder, US News & World Report addressed the question of whether “hiring more Black officers” was “the key to reducing police violence.” Writer Jennifer Cobbina interviewed residents of Ferguson, Missouri, and Baltimore, and her research suggested that “increased representation might not solve the problem.”

Communities United Against Police Brutality, a Twin Cities-based organization, said in 2020, “Throughout our research, we have never encountered a shred of evidence that requiring or incentivizing police officers to live in the communities in which they work has any positive effect on the quality of policing.”

Nonetheless, well-meaning politicians have pursued residency requirements for police officers. Kenyatta Johnson, a member of Philadelphia’s City Council, said, “It’s a plus if we have officers who live in the city. They grew up in the city. They have a stake in the city because it’s home. It goes a long way to building community trust.”

But more Black cops don’t turn cities into Mayberry. The system is what it is and before an officer receives their badge and gun, they must fully become part of that system.

Tamar Manasseh, who runs a community anti-violence initiative called Mothers Against Senseless Killing in Chicago’s Englewood neighborhood, insists, “You’d be less likely to crack a head if you know where they live and they know where you live. People who eat dinner with each other don’t kill each other.” Unfortunately, domestic violence statistics would seemingly disprove this theory.

Alexis Hoag-Fordjour, a professor at Brooklyn Law School and co-director of the Center for Criminal Justice, has practiced law in Memphis for a decade. She agrees that the race of the officers who killed Nichols is not as relevant as the problem with policing in general.

“Policing in this country is focused on control, subordination and violence — regardless of the race of the officer,” she said. “Society views black people as inherently dangerous and criminal … even if you have black people in the position of law enforcement, that doesn’t mean that proposition goes away.”

This observation is arguably one of the more controversial ones from journalist Nikole Hannah-Jones, who draws a direct line from modern policing to antebellum slave patrols.

During a 2020 interview, Hannah-Jones said, “Slave patrols were put in place to deputize white Americans, to police enslaved communities, to ensure that enslaved people were only in the places they were allowed, to put down slave insurrections, and these slave patrols had the right to stop and question any black person, enslaved or free, whom they deemed to be suspicious.” That is arguably the foundation for “stop and frisk.”

She goes into further detail about this in Hulu’s “1619 Project” documentary. Rightwingers reflexively took a “how very dare you!” response to her argument, insisting that US policing’s origins are rightly traced back to Britain and have nothing to do with slavery. This perhaps deliberately ignores the shocking militarization of US police and the “warrior cop” mentality, which is both toxic and lucrative.

Former police officer and law professor Seth Stoughton wrote, “[Cops] are taught that they live in an intensely hostile world. A world that is, quite literally, gunning for them. Death, they are told, is constantly a single, small misstep away.” The civilian public only tolerates this training if they are also conditioned to view Black people, especially young men, as inherently dangerous.

According to the Washington Post, the five officers who killed Nichols were part of the Memphis Police Department’s SCORPION Unit, which the city is now shutting down. Memphis Police Chief Cerelyn Davis, who’s Black, oversaw the REDDOG drug unit in Atlanta. That was also shut down. (Davis was fired, then reinstated, for an unrelated issue before moving to the Memphis police department.) Neither unit’s name was encouraging. Personally, the BUNNY unit would make me feel safer.

SCORPION was created in 2021 — yes, after George Floyd’s murder and a supposed “racial reckoning” — and designed to “saturate high-crime areas with police officers.” The unit’s dehumanizing acronym stands for “Street Crimes Operation to Restore Peace in Our Neighborhoods.” Obviously, no real “peace” was restored to Tyre Nichols’s neighborhood.

[USA Today / US News & World Report / BBC / Vox]

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Memphis police disband unit that beat Tyre Nichols

The Memphis police chief on January 28 disbanded the city’s so-called Scorpion unit, citing a “cloud of dishonor” from newly released video that showed some of its officers beating Tyre Nichols to death after stopping the Black motorist.

Police Director Cerelyn “CJ” Davis acted a day after the harrowing video emerged, saying she listened to Nichols’ relatives, community leaders and uninvolved officers in making the decision. Her announcement came as the nation and the city struggled to come to grips with the violence of the officers, who are also Black. The video renewed doubts about why fatal encounters with law enforcement keep happening despite repeated calls for change.

Protestors marching though downtown Memphis cheered when they heard the unit had been dissolved. One protestor said over a bullhorn that “the unit that killed Tyre has been permanently disbanded.”

Referring to “the heinous actions of a few” that dishonored the unit, Ms. Davis contradicted an earlier statement that she would keep the unit. She said it was imperative that the department “take proactive steps in the healing process.”

“It is in the best interest of all to permanently deactivate the Scorpion unit,” she said in a statement. She said the officers currently assigned to it agreed “unreservedly.”

The unit is composed of three teams of about 30 officers who target violent offenders in areas beset by high crime. It had been inactive since Nichols’ Jan. 7 arrest.

Scorpion stands for Street Crimes Operations to Restore Peace in our Neighborhoods.

In an interview Friday with The Associated Press, Ms. Davis had said she would not shut down a unit if a few officers commit “some egregious act” and because she needed it to continue to work.

“The whole idea that the Scorpion unit is a bad unit, I just have a problem with that,” Davis said then.

She became the first Black female chief in Memphis one year after George Floyd was killed at the hands of Minneapolis police. At the time she was chief in Durham, North Carolina, and responded by calling for sweeping police reform.

Ben Crump and Antonio Romanucci, lawyers for the Nichols family, said the move was “a decent and just decision.”

“We must keep in mind that this is just the next step on this journey for justice and accountability, as clearly this misconduct is not restricted to these specialty units. It extends so much further,” they said.

The five disgraced officers — Tadarrius Bean, Demetrius Haley, Desmond Mills Jr., Emmitt Martin III and Justin Smith — have been fired and charged with murder and other crimes in Nichols’ death, which came three days after the arrest. They face up to 60 years in prison if convicted of second-degree murder.

The video images released Friday show police savagely beating the 29-year-old FedEx worker for three minutes while screaming profanities at him in an assault that the Nichols family legal team has likened to the infamous 1991 police beating of Los Angeles motorist Rodney King. Nichols calls out for his mother before his limp body is propped against a squad car and the officers exchange fist-bumps.

The video also left many unanswered questions about the traffic stop and about other law enforcement officers who stood by as Nichols lay motionless on the pavement.

“Nobody tried to stop anything. They have a duty to intervene, a duty to render care,” Brenda Goss Andrews, president of the National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives, said in an interview after viewing the video.

She also was struck by the immediate aggression from officers as soon as they got out of the car: “It just went to 100. … This was never a matter of de-escalation,” Goss Andrews said, adding, “The young man never had a chance from the moment that he was stopped.”

Ms. Davis has said other officers are under investigation, and Shelby County Sheriff Floyd Bonner said two deputies were relieved of duty without pay while their conduct is investigated.

Rodney Wells, Nichols’ stepfather, said the family would “continue to seek justice” and those who failed to render aid are “just as culpable as the officers who threw the blows.”

A Memphis police spokeswoman declined to comment on the other officers’ conduct.

Cities nationwide had braced for demonstrations after the video emerged, but protests were scattered and nonviolent. Several dozen demonstrators in Memphis blocked the Interstate 55 bridge that carries traffic over the Mississippi River toward Arkansas. Protesters also blocked traffic in New York City, Los Angeles and Portland, Oregon.

Blake Ballin, the lawyer for Mills, told AP in a statement Saturday that the videos “produced as many questions as they have answers.”

Some of those will focus on what Mills “knew and what he was able to see” and whether his actions “crossed the lines that were crossed by other officers during this incident,” Ballin said.

Ms. Davis acknowledged that the police department has a supervisor shortage and said the lack of a supervisor in the arrest was a “major problem.” City officials have pledged to provide more of them.

It’s not clear why the traffic stop happened in the first place. One officer can be heard on video saying that Nichols wouldn’t stop and then swerved as though he intended to hit the officer’s car. The officer says that when Nichols pulled up to a red light, the officers jumped out.

But Ms. Davis said the department cannot substantiate the reason for the stop.

“We don’t know what happened,” she said, adding, “All we know is the amount of force that was applied in this situation was over the top.”

After the first officer roughly pulls Nichols out of the car, Nichols can be heard saying, “I didn’t do anything,” as a group of officers begin to wrestle him to the ground.

One is heard yelling, “Tase him! Tase him!”

Nichols calmly says, “OK, I’m on the ground,” and that he was just trying to go home. Moments later, he yells at them to “stop.”

Nichols is then seen running as an officer fires a Taser. The officers start chasing Nichols.

Others are called, and a search ensues before Nichols is caught at another intersection. His mother’s home, where he lived, was only a few houses away, and his family said he was trying to get there.

The officers beat him with a baton, and kick and punch him. The attack continues even after he collapses.

It takes more than 20 minutes afterward before any sort of medical attention is provided.

During the wait for an ambulance, officers joke and air grievances. They complain that a handheld radio was ruined, that someone lost a flashlight, that multiple officers were caught in the pepper spray used against Nichols.

Throughout the videos, they make claims about Nichols’ behavior that are not supported by the footage or that the district attorney and other officials say did not happen. In one, an officer claims that during the initial traffic stop Nichols reached for the officer’s gun and almost had his hand on the handle, something not shown in the video.

After Nichols is in handcuffs and leaning against a police car, several officers say he must have been high. Later one says no drugs were found in Nichols’ car, and another immediately counters that he must have ditched something while running away.

During a speech Saturday in Harlem, the Rev. Al Sharpton said the beating was particularly egregious because the officers were Black, too.

“Your Blackness will not stop us from fighting you. These five cops not only disgraced their names, they disgraced our race,” Sharpton said.

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